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CVE-2021-41773highunder attackransomwareCWE-22

Path traversal and file disclosure vulnerability in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.49

100Vexday Risk Score

Patch now. It under exploitation confirmed by CISA and has a working public exploit.

ssvc Actcvss 7.5epss 100%
from disclosure to weapon0 days
Published on NVDOct 5
1st PoCOct 5
metasploitMay 10
CISA KEV+29d
exploitation probability
100%top 1% of all CVEs
observed exploitation
yesCISA + VulnCheck
271 public exploit(s)
Action required by CISAfederal deadline: 2021-11-17

Apply updates per vendor instructions.

Summary

Falha de path traversal na normalização de caminhos do Apache HTTP Server 2.4.49, que permite mapear URLs para arquivos fora dos diretórios configurados por diretivas Alias-like (como o document root). Se essas áreas fora do diretório esperado não estiverem protegidas pelo padrão 'require all denied', um atacante remoto e não autenticado consegue ler arquivos arbitrários e, quando CGI está habilitado no path afetado, executar comandos no sistema. Importa porque afeta uma única versão amplamente adotada logo após seu lançamento, teve exploração ativa confirmada quase imediatamente e o patch inicial (2.4.50) foi corrigido de forma incompleta, gerando uma segunda CVE (2021-42013).

Technical detail

A vulnerabilidade (CWE-22, path traversal) está na mudança feita à normalização de caminhos ('path normalization') introduzida especificamente na versão 2.4.49 do httpd. O código responsável por resolver a URL recebida em um caminho de arquivo no sistema não trata corretamente sequências de travessia de diretório quando certos bytes são codificados. O atacante controla o path da requisição HTTP e consegue, através de sequências de '../' codificadas de forma que escapam da validação, fazer o servidor resolver a URL para um arquivo fora do diretório configurado por diretivas Alias, ScriptAlias ou similares — inclusive fora do document root.

How it’s exploited

O vetor é uma requisição HTTP simples, sem autenticação, contra qualquer endpoint que mapeie para um diretório gerenciado por Alias-like directives — o caso documentado publicamente usa o endpoint '/cgi-bin/' com sequências de traversal codificadas (ex.: '.%2e/'). A pré-condição real para exploração de leitura de arquivos é que os arquivos fora do diretório configurado não estejam protegidos pela diretiva padrão 'require all denied' — em instalações com essa proteção intacta, a leitura de arquivos falha. Para RCE, é necessário adicionalmente que mod_cgi (ou extensão equivalente) esteja habilitado para o path aliasado explorado; pesquisadores (Will Dormann, Hacker Fantastic, Tim Wadhwa-Brown) demonstraram RCE tanto em Windows quanto em Linux nessa condição, chamando um shell (`/bin/sh` no Linux) via POST para executar comandos. A CVE está no catálogo KEV da CISA por exploração confirmada em campo, e existem módulo Metasploit, template Nuclei e PoCs públicas — a barreira técnica para exploração é baixa quando a configuração vulnerável existe.

Versions

Affected
Apache HTTP Server 2.4.49 apenas (versões anteriores não são afetadas por esta CVE).
Fixed in
2.4.50 corrige parcialmente esta CVE, mas o fix foi considerado incompleto (ver CVE-2021-42013). A correção completa está na 2.4.51.

How to protect

Atualizar para 2.4.51 é a correção completa — a 2.4.50 corrigiu parcialmente CVE-2021-41773, mas o próprio fix foi insuficiente e recebeu CVE-2021-42013 (também corrigida apenas na 2.4.51). Atualizar apenas para 2.4.50 não elimina o risco. Como paliativo quando a atualização não é imediata: garantir que blocos '' com 'Require all denied' estejam configurados fora dos diretórios explicitamente liberados, e desabilitar mod_cgi (ou qualquer handler de scripts) em diretórios aliasados que não precisem dele — isso reduz o impacto de RCE mesmo que a leitura de arquivos ainda seja possível. Não existe mitigação via WAF genérica confiável, já que a exploração usa encoding de caracteres que pode ser normalizado de formas variadas; regras de assinatura tendem a ser contornáveis. A única correção real é a atualização de versão.

How to detect

Em logs de acesso do Apache, procurar por requisições contendo sequências de traversal codificadas em paths que apontam para diretórios com Alias/ScriptAlias, notadamente variações de '/cgi-bin/' seguidas de padrões como '.%2e/' ou codificações duplicadas de '%2e' (ex.: '%%32%65') repetidas múltiplas vezes no path — esse padrão específico foi usado em exploração pública e é um indicador forte de tentativa de exploração. Requisições POST para esses paths com corpo contendo comandos de shell reforçam a suspeita de tentativa de RCE via CGI. A ausência desses padrões não garante que não houve tentativa, já que variações de encoding podem escapar de assinaturas simples.

Researched and written with AI from the vendor advisory and public analysis, with the sources above. Always confirm the fixed version in the official advisory before acting.
A flaw was found in a change made to path normalization in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.49. An attacker could use a path traversal attack to map URLs to files outside the directories configured by Alias-like directives. If files outside of these directories are not protected by the usual default configuration "require all denied", these requests can succeed. If CGI scripts are also enabled for these aliased pathes, this could allow for remote code execution. This issue is known to be exploited in the wild. This issue only affects Apache 2.4.49 and not earlier versions. The fix in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.50 was found to be incomplete, see CVE-2021-42013.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
public PoCs found271 VexDay Proof
exploitdbVexDay Proofwww.exploit-db.com/exploits/50383exploitdbVexDay Proofwww.exploit-db.com/exploits/50512githubgithub.com/blasty/CVE-2021-41773211githubgithub.com/inbug-team/CVE-2021-41773_CVE-2021-42013147githubgithub.com/HightechSec/scarce-apache263githubgithub.com/MrCl0wnLab/SimplesApachePathTraversal61githubgithub.com/iilegacyyii/PoC-CVE-2021-4177352githubgithub.com/lorddemon/CVE-2021-41773-PoC39githubgithub.com/Vulnmachines/cve-2021-4177338githubgithub.com/justakazh/mass_cve-2021-4177329githubgithub.com/BlueTeamSteve/CVE-2021-4177323githubgithub.com/im-hanzou/apachrot23githubgithub.com/Ls4ss/CVE-2021-41773_CVE-2021-4201320githubgithub.com/ZephrFish/CVE-2021-41773-PoC17githubgithub.com/wangfly-me/Apache_Penetration_Tool14githubgithub.com/blackn0te/Apache-HTTP-Server-2.4.49-2.4.50-Path-Traversal-Remote-Code-Execution13githubgithub.com/j4k0m/CVE-2021-4177313githubgithub.com/itsecurityco/CVE-2021-4177312githubgithub.com/Zeop-CyberSec/apache_normalize_path12githubgithub.com/zeronine9/CVE-2021-4177311githubgithub.com/mr-exo/CVE-2021-4177311githubgithub.com/1nhann/CVE-2021-417739githubgithub.com/theLSA/apache-httpd-path-traversal-checker9githubgithub.com/aqiao-jashell/CVE-2021-417739githubgithub.com/knqyf263/CVE-2021-417739githubgithub.com/numanturle/CVE-2021-417738githubgithub.com/creadpag/CVE-2021-41773-POC8githubgithub.com/aqiao-jashell/py-CVE-2021-417737githubgithub.com/0xRar/CVE-2021-417737githubgithub.com/noflowpls/CVE-2021-417736githubgithub.com/TishcaTpx/POC-CVE-2021-417736githubgithub.com/Hydragyrum/CVE-2021-41773-Playground6githubgithub.com/LudovicPatho/CVE-2021-417734githubgithub.com/apapedulimu/Apachuk4githubgithub.com/jbovet/CVE-2021-417734githubgithub.com/twseptian/cve-2021-417734githubgithub.com/RevShellXD/LFI-Destruction4githubgithub.com/OfriOuzan/CVE-2021-41773_CVE-2021-42013_Exploits4githubgithub.com/habibiefaried/CVE-2021-41773-PoC3githubgithub.com/superzerosec/CVE-2021-417733githubgithub.com/Habib0x0/CVE-2021-417732githubgithub.com/orangmuda/CVE-2021-417732githubgithub.com/Zyx2440/Apache-HTTP-Server-2.4.50-RCE2githubgithub.com/CyberQuestor-infosec/CVE-2021-41773-Apache_2.4.49-Path-traversal-to-RCE2githubgithub.com/lopqto/CVE-2021-41773_Honeypot2githubgithub.com/walnutsecurity/cve-2021-417732githubgithub.com/iosifache/ApacheRCEEssay2githubgithub.com/5gstudent/cve-2021-41773-and-cve-2021-420132githubgithub.com/Soliux/CVE-2021-417732githubgithub.com/jheeree/Simple-CVE-2021-41773-checker2githubgithub.com/Kouf320/docker-lab-cve-2017-5638-cve-2021-417732githubgithub.com/ksanchezcld/httpd-2.4.491githubgithub.com/vinhjaxt/CVE-2021-41773-exploit1githubgithub.com/masahiro331/CVE-2021-417731githubgithub.com/r00tVen0m/CVE-2021-417731githubgithub.com/n3k00n3/CVE-2021-417731githubgithub.com/klmntbelgium/cve-2021-41773-exploration1githubgithub.com/psibot/apache-vulnerable1githubgithub.com/PentesterGuruji/CVE-2021-417731githubgithub.com/im2sinister/CVE-2021-417731githubgithub.com/AssassinUKG/CVE-2021-417731githubgithub.com/gagaltotal/CVE-2021-41773-apache1githubgithub.com/adrianmafandy/CVE-2021-417731githubgithub.com/charanvoonna/CVE-2021-417731githubgithub.com/Iris288/CVE-2021-417731githubgithub.com/retrymp3/apache2.4.49VulnerableLabSetup1githubgithub.com/TheKernelPanic/exploit-apache2-cve-2021-417731githubgithub.com/mightysai1997/CVE-2021-41773S1githubgithub.com/mightysai1997/CVE-2021-41773m1githubgithub.com/kubota/POC-CVE-2021-417731githubgithub.com/IcmpOff/Apache-2.4.49-2.4.50-Traversal-Remote-Code-Execution-Exploit1githubgithub.com/MazX0p/CVE-2021-417731githubgithub.com/zerodaywolf/CVE-2021-41773_420131githubgithub.com/shellreaper/CVE-2021-417731githubgithub.com/EagleTube/CVE-2021-417731githubgithub.com/corelight/CVE-2021-417731githubgithub.com/bernardas/netsec-polygon0githubgithub.com/TAI-REx/cve-2021-41773-nse0githubgithub.com/mohwahyudi/cve-2021-417730githubgithub.com/ranggaggngntt/CVE-2021-417730githubgithub.com/Vanshuk-Bhagat/Apache-HTTP-Server-Vulnerabilities-CVE-2021-41773-and-CVE-2021-420130githubgithub.com/javaamo/CVE-2021-417730githubgithub.com/ashique-thaha/CVE-2021-41773-POC0githubgithub.com/khaidtraivch/CVE-2021-41773-Apache-2.4.49-0githubgithub.com/JIYUN02/cve-2021-417730githubgithub.com/AzkOsDev/CVE-2021-417730githubgithub.com/blu3ming/PoC-CVE-2021-417730githubgithub.com/r0otk3r/CVE-2021-417730githubgithub.com/mah4nzfr/CVE-2021-417730githubgithub.com/fnatalucci/CVE-2021-41773-RCE0githubgithub.com/i6c/MASS_CVE-2021-417730githubgithub.com/anldori/CVE-2021-41773-Scanner0githubgithub.com/sixpacksecurity/CVE-2021-417730githubgithub.com/Hattan515/POC-CVE-2021-417730githubgithub.com/shiomiyan/CVE-2021-417730githubgithub.com/pisut4152/Sigma-Rule-for-CVE-2021-41773-and-CVE-2021-42013-exploitation-attempt0githubgithub.com/b1tsec/CVE-2021-417730githubgithub.com/ch4os443/CVE-2021-417730githubgithub.com/twseptian/cve-2021-41773-docker-lab0githubgithub.com/LayarKacaSiber/CVE-2021-417730githubgithub.com/BabyTeam1024/CVE-2021-417730githubgithub.com/TheLastVvV/CVE-2021-417730githubgithub.com/vida003/Scanner-CVE-2021-417730githubgithub.com/wolf1892/CVE-2021-417730githu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