CVE-2025-57812
[BIGSLEEP-434612419] CUPS-Filters has heap-buffer-overflow write in `cfImageLut()`
In short
A flaw in CUPS printing software allows a specially crafted TIFF image file to cause a memory overflow when processed during printing. An attacker could trigger this by submitting a malicious print job, potentially causing the printing service to crash or malfunction.
Technical detail
CVE-2025-57812 is a heap buffer overflow in the `cfImageLut()` function within CUPS-Filters' TIFF image processing (affecting versions ≤1.28.17 and libcupsfilters 2.0.0–2.1.1). The vulnerability occurs when the pixel buffer is allocated based on one bytes-per-pixel calculation but processed with a different multiplier (3x), leading to out-of-bounds read/write when a crafted TIFF is submitted via print job with specific options that set bytes-per-pixel to 1. Exploitation requires the `imagetoraster` filter or `cfFilterImageToRaster()` to be invoked in the printer's processing pipeline.
Summary generated and translated by AI from the official description.
CUPS is a standards-based, open-source printing system, and `libcupsfilters` contains the code of the filters of the former `cups-filters` package as library functions to be used for the data format conversion tasks needed in Printer Applications. In CUPS-Filters versions up to and including 1.28.17 and libscupsfilters versions 2.0.0 through 2.1.1, CUPS-Filters's `imagetoraster` filter has an out of bounds read/write vulnerability in the processing of TIFF image files. While the pixel buffer is allocated with the number of pixels times a pre-calculated bytes-per-pixel value, the function which processes these pixels is called with a size of the number of pixels times 3. When suitable inputs are passed, the bytes-per-pixel value can be set to 1 and bytes outside of the buffer bounds get processed. In order to trigger the bug, an attacker must issue a print job with a crafted TIFF file, and pass appropriate print job options to control the bytes-per-pixel value of the output format. They must choose a printer configuration under which the `imagetoraster` filter or its C-function equivalent `cfFilterImageToRaster()` gets invoked. The vulnerability exists in both CUPS-Filters 1.x and the successor library libcupsfilters (CUPS-Filters 2.x). In CUPS-Filters 2.x, the vulnerable function is `_cfImageReadTIFF() in libcupsfilters`. When this function is invoked as part of `cfFilterImageToRaster()`, the caller passes a look-up-table during whose processing the out of bounds memory access happens. In CUPS-Filters 1.x, the equivalent functions are all found in the cups-filters repository, which is not split into subprojects yet, and the vulnerable code is in `_cupsImageReadTIFF()`, which is called through `cupsImageOpen()` from the `imagetoraster` tool. A patch is available in commit b69dfacec7f176281782e2f7ac44f04bf9633cfa.
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N