CVE-2025-31161
CVE-2025-31161
In short
CrushFTP versions before 10.8.4 and 11.3.1 allow attackers to log in as any user, including the admin account, without knowing the password. This happens due to a flaw in how the server checks user credentials when using a specific authentication method, enabling complete takeover of the FTP server.
Technical detail
A race condition in the AWS4-HMAC authorization handler of CrushFTP's HTTP component bypasses authentication by exploiting the order of user verification and HMAC validation. An attacker can further stabilize the exploit by sending a malformed AWS4-HMAC header with a username followed by a slash, triggering an index-out-of-bounds error that prevents session cleanup while the user remains authenticated. This allows unauthenticated access to privileged accounts (e.g., crushadmin) without credentials.
Summary generated and translated by AI from the official description.
CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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